Microbiologist

Job overview
Microbiologists study the anatomy, genetics and physiology of micro-organisms, e.g. bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as the interactions between micro-organisms and the environment.

They use this knowledge to manipulate selected micro-organisms both ecologically and industrially, and to diagnose and control microbes that infect humans, animals, food and plants.

What do people do in this occupation?
Micro-organisms are found everywhere, from the polar ice caps, to tropical swamps, to salt pans in arid deserts and in the bloodstreams of animals.

These organisms are so small that they are usually invisible to the naked human eye.

But they occur in vast numbers and play a very important role in biological activities in our environment as they interact with human beings, plants and animals, either detrimentally or beneficially.

Microbiologists' activities include finding solutions for fresh water pollution, identifying pathogenic micro-organisms, preventing food decay.

They develop microbiological processes in industries where micro-organisms are used in the manufacture of chemicals, and for the control of unwanted microbic activities which cause losses e.g. that degrade aviation fuel, corrode iron tubing and break down textile products.

In the medical world microbiologists are responsible for the fast and accurate location and identification of pathogenic and toxic micro-organisms.

They develop effective vaccines and methods of preventing epidemics of dangerous diseases.

Micro-organisms are used in the commercial production of antibiotics.

What kinds of people are suitable for this career?
Besides having an interest in the biological sciences and submicroscopic world, prospective microbiologists must be methodical and precise and enjoy doing laboratory work.

The ability to work independently is also important.

What qualifications are needed?
A BSc degree with majors in biology and chemistry, followed by postgraduate studies in microbiology