Film and TV Production

Job overview
Film and television production is a team effort.

The production team is divided into four departments: Decor Services, Scenic Services, Field Production and Support Services.

What do people do in these jobs?
Script-writers: can be considered as the architects of films.

They write the scripts and must have a very good knowledge of different filming techniques and other technical aspects.

Cameramen: are responsible for the filming.

They use specialised equipment such as video cameras, sound equipment and lighting equipment, when shooting the scenes.

Cameramen film each scene until the director is satisfied.

They also work on outside broadcast units relaying sports, news and other events.

Costume designers: do research into the smallest detail of the costumes that are going to be used.

Once the producer has approved the designs and the samples of the material, the material is bought, cut and dyed and only then are the costumes made.

Decor construction artists: put the scenic designers?' ?ideas into practice.

This entails specialised construction using various materials to produce lifelike sets.

Film editors: ?once a film has been developed, prints are made and passed on to film editors together with the sound-tracks.

It is their responsibility to edit films into logical units.

They work in close contact with producers and there should be a good understanding between them concerning the nature and purpose of a film.

Film preparation operators: are responsible for the final preparation of films and soundtracks.

The films are technically examined for problems such as scratches and bad joins.

Film sound operators: use portable tape recorders and are responsible for recording sound tapes.

It is sometimes expected from film sound operators to do language dubbing. This is a highly specialised task because lip movements, sound effects, acoustics, etc. have to be as close as possible to the original.

Final control operators: must have thorough knowledge of all aspects of television operations, since they are responsible for directing all television transmissions from the final control centre.

Graphic designers: use hi-tech computer equipment to create logos, animation and many other electronic images.

Lighting designers: not only have to ensure that their lighting meets broadcast standards, but also have to keep the set design, props and costumes in mind.

They have to be able to create sunsets and night scenes effectively. They should have a flair for colour and knowledge of electricity.

Lighting operators: determine what lighting is needed during the recording or transmission of a programme or film, plot the lighting and the sequence of lighting changes and feed this information into a computer.

The lighting is changed according to the atmosphere, to show a change in mood or to indicate such practical aspects as day or night.

Make-up artists: are responsible for the makeup of actors.

Make-up is essential for creating the right look.

In many instances blood and wounds have to be simulated, so skilled training is essential for anyone considering a career in make-up.

Model builders: make models, which include marionettes, puppets, replicas of buildings, etc.

Model builders are not only artists but should also have knowledge of mechanics and electronics.

Producers: are the leaders of production teams and are involved with all the aspects of film and television production.

They are creative persons who use the technical facilities available, to produce the best possible visual and sound effects.

Producers also decide on such details as decor, lighting and music.

Production secretaries: are responsible for all secretarial work during productions.

They type items such as forms, scripts, schedules, letters and contracts.

They are also responsible for continuity in productions and work closely with the producers.

Property masters and set dressers: ?all the props needed to create realistic scenic decor are either rented or bought by property masters for use by set dressers whose responsibility it is to see that the props - such as furniture, paintings, etc - are positioned on the set so as to create the desired effect.

Scenic designers: are responsible for designing and planning the construction of decor in collaboration with producers.

Scripts serve as guides to scenic designers, and researchers help them by gathering detailed information.

Scenic painters: are responsible for painting backdrops to complete the decor sets.

Sign-writers: make signboards for sets of shops, ships, offices and the like and should be able to do silk-screening.

Sound-mixers make decisions about the balance of sound coming from different sources, so that it complements the visuals.

They need good hearing, a creative approach and excellent technical ability.

The special effects section: is responsible for non-electronic effects, such as smoke, snowstorms, fire and explosions that may be required on a set.

No formal training exists for these specialists and experience is gained on the job.

Title generator operators: make use of electronic processing systems and computer keyboards to create the titles used in the programs.

Video sound operators: must capture the atmosphere of an event or production on the sound track of a programme, whether it is the cheering of crowds at a sports event or a clear recording of a major political speech.

Video tape operators: are trained to handle the video recording equipment. Pre-recorded programmes - which make up the bulk of television broadcasts - are often previewed and edited before transmission. Experienced video tape operators can become video tape editors.

Vision mixers: must follow the script and the instructions of the producer closely to combine the scenes accurately by cutting, mixing or using other special effects.

Vision mixers require skill, speed and the ability to work under pressure.

Vision controllers: ensure that the visual aspects of broadcasts are of the highest quality.

This involves various tasks, such as making sure that the lighting is correct.

What kinds of people are suitable for these careers?
Most of the careers are very technical and involve the use of complicated electronic equipment.

It is therefore very important for people who want to pursue careers in film and television production to have both technical aptitude and artistic flair.

What qualifications are needed?
There are no formal qualifications covering all the various jobs.

For the technical sides training in electronics etc is important and for the jobs requiring an overview of the whole production process a broad education and acquaintance with the world of art is the best asset.